First Grade

First graders receive daily small-group instruction in reading with classroom teachers and reading specialists. Building upon what was learned in kindergarten, first grade classes continue to use Fundations, a multi-sensory, research-based approach to reading and spelling with phonics. Through instruction, students build their phonics skills so that they can begin to read and spell words with more complex patterns. They develop sight word knowledge for both automatic recognition and spelling and are explicitly taught strategies to use when they encounter an unknown word. Students then integrate what they are taught to become more fluent readers, which is essential for reading comprehension. There is an increased emphasis on reading for meaning, which begins with in-depth study of story structure and learning how to retell what they read and identify character traits.

The writing curriculum is influenced by approaches to writing instruction such as Benchmark, Judith Hochman’s Teaching Basic Writing, and Lucy Calkins’ Units of Study. Students keep journals, write informational reports and compose personal narratives. They learn to work like real authors by following a writing process, as they generate a topic, write, revise, edit and publish. Throughout this process, students apply their emerging skills in sentence formation, basic grammar, punctuation and capitalization. The program Handwriting Without Tears is used to help students review and practice lowercase letter formation. To further develop their skills, the program Wordly Wise is used to help students develop a sophisticated oral vocabulary.   

The Grammar School mathematics program develops mathematical thinkers who value collaboration and communication when investigating big ideas, identifying patterns and explaining relationships. Students learn to think flexibly and persevere through productive struggles as they develop the growth mindset needed for problem solving. Concepts and skills build from grade to grade in each of the major domains: counting and cardinality, operations and algebraic thinking, numbers and operations in base ten, numbers and operations with fractions, measurement and data, and geometry. Students are given ample opportunity to construct their own understanding of foundational concepts and computation strategies through hands-on experiences and rich opportunities for discourse, as well as the use of concrete materials, pictorial models and contextual problem solving. Our teachers and math specialists promote the type of learning environment that encourages risk-taking and celebrates mistakes as students revise and develop their thinking. 

Throughout the year, first grade mathematicians engage in hands-on experiences with concrete manipulatives that further develop number sense and the foundational concepts of place value in our base ten number system. Students construct a variety of strategies for addition, subtraction and problem solving as they work to explain their thinking and illustrate their work in ways that make sense to them. Concepts explored in earlier grades, such as skip counting, odd and even numbers, ways to make 10, part-part-whole, and comparison (more than/less than), are further developed and connected to studies of measurement and data analysis throughout the year. Recognizing and explaining patterns in numbers on the hundreds chart relate to concepts of place value and support the development of more sophisticated computation strategies. Students engage in various investigations with standard and non-standard units of measurement, composing 2D and 3D shapes, and telling time to the nearest hour and half hour. They learn to identify coins and begin to find strategies that help them compute the value of a set of coins or explore multiple ways to combine coins to reach a specific sum. 

At CGPS, the social studies curriculum explores events from the past and present that build upon previous grade levels’ strategies and content. For the first grade, the essential question is, “Where are we?” and the curriculum covers many facets of New York City, including the five boroughs and their geography, city transportation and important landmarks. This NYC-based curriculum is augmented by virtual field trips throughout the five boroughs and typically includes trips to the Transit Museum in Brooklyn, The Museum of the City of New York, Top of the Rock, the Apollo Theater and even a walk over the Brooklyn Bridge. Students learn about changemakers from each borough as they explore social action in our city. The social studies curriculum culminates in a celebration called “New York Day.” On this special day, the children proudly share the results of their first research project about an NYC landmark. Students display models they have created and sing songs about New York they have learned in their music class. 

In first grade science, students explore simple machines, animal classifications and pond life. After an introduction to the scientific method, they make predictions, follow a procedure, make observations and form a conclusion as they learn how simple machines can make work easier. Next, first graders examine systems in the natural world through the study of animals and their adaptations. First graders continue their study with a focus on different types of vertebrates, invertebrates and insects that inhabit a pond ecosystem. First graders share their accumulated knowledge with parents and other community members at the Science Share.

World language exposure encourages empathy for learning a new language, and develops problem-solving skills and an understanding of and openness to cultural differences. All Spanish classes are full-immersion experiences with focus on acquiring speaking and listening skills. First graders are enthusiastic Spanish students who are introduced to new vocabulary through songs, books, calendar routines and games. The year begins with a study of basic greetings, numbers, months, and days of the week This introductory unit is followed by an exploration of city buildings and transportation which connects to their New York City social studies curriculum. The students finish the year with a unit on animals that features a report in which the students describe an animal of their choice, in connection with their study of animals in science.

First grade students are introduced to a visual arts curriculum that explores different art techniques and media. Throughout the year, the children work with drawing from stories and their imaginations. They are also exposed to color theory and composition through large scale tempera painting. First grade artists explore shape, line and a variety of brush strokes. In addition to drawing and painting, students work with clay to create simple pottery and sculpture. In collaboration with the classroom curriculum study of New York City, the students are introduced to Romare Bearden’s The Block. Each artist then constructs a cardboard relief representation. The art studios provide children with a valuable opportunity to express their feelings, thoughts and ideas in a safe and nurturing environment.

First graders explore essential principles of music such as dynamics, solfege, steady beat and rhythm through singing games, instruments, and exploratory movement. They begin the process of learning how to read music, sing and play as an ensemble, and speak about music. By the end of their first year, students sight-sing melodies, aurally identify rhythmic patterns, and perform with a steady beat bordun. First grade classes combine to sing at New York Day, the cross-curricular unit of study that culminates in a much-celebrated musical performance.

First graders are enthusiastic emerging readers who are excited to borrow two books each time they come to Library class. They focus on larger concepts, such as the difference between fiction and non-fiction, and begin to explore more in-depth titles with the librarians, including sharing chapter books for the first time. First graders are also invited to attend their first official "movie night" in the library, where an entire grade enjoys a movie adapted from a book. This type of community building event inspires a passion for and a connection to reading, as well as social connections through common experiences. Students also have the opportunity to attend various author and illustrator visits throughout the year.

The first grade physical education curriculum consists of various individual, partner and group activities that focus on traveling movements, creative play, body awareness and control. Activities are also structured to introduce fundamental sports skills while giving children the opportunity to continue developing their individual performance and strengthening interpersonal relationships with their classmates.

First graders develop more advanced skills through practicing creative and critical evaluations of chess positions. The immediate feedback they get through the consequences of their decisions gives them unique insights and growing confidence in their abilities. The first grade chess program expands students' general chess knowledge by demonstrating full classic and model games with follow-up group discussions. The use of guided play helps to evaluate students' progress and individual needs. Chess exercises and problem solving challenges enable each student to progress at their own pace. Group, team and individual games stimulate thinking and build social skills. Students learn to write down their moves, improving their handwriting skills and enabling a later review of their choices and ideas. Online chess platforms, such as LiChess.org, allow for interactive practice and learning. Prominent change makers such as Judit Polgar, Maurice Ashley, Jose Capablanca and others are introduced in a variety of topics.

Movement, Mindfulness & Drama introduces students to various forms of self-expression. Non-verbal communication, storytelling through movement, and theater games all allow students ways to interact and cooperate with peers and build their self-confidence. They also explore mindfulness practice to build strategies for finding calm and to be in the present moment. They incorporate gross motor movements into various dances, explore improvisation, tempo, patterns and sequencing with directional changes. They begin acting fundamentals such as stage directions and character development. Movement, Mindfulness & Drama fosters spatial and body awareness, self-expression, body and emotional regulation, and instills a love and appreciation of movement and theater.